Time Travel and Consciousness
Time travel is possible. And it’s achievable both “physically” and “mentally.”
First, let us examine time travel in a physical sense, when a traveler uses some sort of physical means to move themselves (including their body) through time, at will.
According to the relativistic physics, it is definitely possible to travel into the future at a rate which is faster than “normal” (let’s say the normal rate is 24 hours a day). You should simply travel through space at the speed near the speed of light.
“Physical” Time Travel
For example, you are traveling with a spaceship to the nearby star which is 10 light years away, with a speed very close to the speed of light. When you get to your destination, say, in 1 year of your travel, you will realize that you are almost 9 years in the future. And going back to Earth, traveling for 1 additional year, you will realize that your twin-brother is now 18 years older than you! And the “rate” of traveling into the future depends only on your actual speed.
In theory, if you were traveling exactly at the speed of light, time would stop for you completely. Moreover, if you would be traveling faster than light, you would be travelling backward in time!
The main problem with achieving near-light speed is this: your mass is ever-increasing as you are getting closer to the speed of light. More and more energy should be consumed for acceleration. For reaching the exact speed of light, you should need infinite amount of energy. That’s why you will never be able to travel at that speed, not to mention traveling faster than light.
We are still in theory. The particles of matter do have some “rest mass,” while light particles (photons) have zero rest mass. Time for photons is standing still, i.e. to “them” there is no time at all. Everything is simultaneous from “their point of view.” Therefore, if we could somehow erase our rest mass, we could perhaps be experiencing our whole individual existence (the past, present and future) simultaneously.
Hypothetically, there could exist a very strange sort of particles, the so-called “tachyons.” Their rest mass is an “imaginary number.” They probably don’t exist whatsoever. It’s interesting that they would always travel faster than speed of light and, which is even more bizarre, they would be traveling backward in time. So, to continue with this extremely speculative string of thoughts, if we could, by some means, convert our “normal” mass into the imaginary mass, we would be traveling backward in time.
Some theoretical physicists postulate another way of traveling through time – by enormously wrapping up space itself. To achieve that, humanity would have to develop very advanced technology which would allow us to create “wormholes” in the fabric of space-time. Currently, nobody knows how that can be accomplished, but that may change in the future.
Although most of the mainstream physicists would disagree with me, I believe that many of these speculations could actually be feasible one day, in a society which is enough technologically advanced.
However, these speculations are only related to a time travel conducted in a physical sense, like a physical travel through space. There could also be another way of traveling through time – using consciousness only.
Are time journeys within mind possible?
There are many accounts of visions, hallucinations and other vivid experiences of both past and future events, experienced by specially endowed people, that have been confirmed as being pretty accurate. Even many more of such intense visions have been dismissed as complete illusions or hoaxes. Were they hoaxes?
These inner visions are very slippery ground for anyone trying to derive some reliable conclusion that it’s possible to see the future or past events. However, there is a point of view trying to explain that some of the apparently false testimonies of future or past events, are actually true. But first, let me describe some unconventional vantage point on this subject, which is still in accordance with recent advances in theoretical physics.
Our consciousness and relativistic time
In accordance with the theory of relativity, time is interchangeable with space within the space-time continuum. In a way, time is only the fourth (or first) space dimension in that continuum. Our consciousness is moving steadily along that fourth axis of the space-time chart. This is actually giving us the impression that everything is changing. We are moving along that time axis and everything else around us seem to be moving as well.
For example, if you wanted to describe the very basics of the event when you eat an ice-cream last time, you would have to assign three coordinates of space to it. It happened in a point of space that had its precise longitude, latitude and altitude. But, that's not enough. It must have an additional value: the time when it happened. Thus, it is described by four coordinates. Modern physics tells us that these four coordinates are interchangeable. They are equivalent.
So, when we have a series of mutually connected events, like moving a car from point A to point B, we actually have countless mini-events, each being described with its own four coordinates in the space-time continuum. And when we have a non-moving car in a parking slot, it seems that we now have a completely static situation. No, it's not. It is still moving, through the fourth space-time coordinate, through time.
Now, note this: as an observer of that seemingly static car, you are also moving through the fourth dimension - time. From a deeper point of view, the only entity that is moving along this fourth dimension is the observer, you.
That seemingly steady translation of our conscious focus, which is happening along that single coordinate of space-time, is deeply ingrained in our subconscious. Although there are many other dimensions and countless possible universes, this particular fourth-dimensional space-time continuum is static per se.
Therefore, all events that “happened” in our “past,” from the perspective “outside” of this space-time continuum, actually exist simultaneously.
Quantum theory and timelines
Yet, things are even more complicated than all of this. We are not only living in a “block universe” which is static from the 4D perspective; it seems that there are countless real or potential “block universes.” Quantum physics tells us that, in every single moment of our conscious existence we are “collapsing the quantum wave function” and choosing only one of the myriad possible universes that lie ahead of us.
So, we are not some passive experiencers of reality, we are actively choosing our reality ahead and making it real. Still, all those possible lines of time are real in a sense, we could say, as “potential realities.” These potential realities are also part of the whole picture. Some other beings might be going along those potential timelines, but they are real to those beings, as our timeline is potential to them.
Not only that, there are innumerable potential timelines behind us, as possible past events that could lead us to this here-and-now reality. We are aware of one timeline only, to which our memory is tied (except in some cases of the so-called “false memories”). Therefore, the whole picture is far more complex than to looking at “simple” 4D relativistic continuum.
Individual timelines
Now, here’s the catch: different people may have different past or future timelines! Each of these timelines is fully real to every person involved in it, while all these timelines have led all those people to the same or similar present moment (but remember: individual experience of the present time can still vary drastically). Therefore, they can remember completely different events of the same time span, yet they can still be in the same “present universe,” where their timelines merge or temporarily intersect. Their future timelines can also be very different.
Correspondingly, different people can visit their individual or collective past or future (within their minds), and yet those events can be totally dissimilar, but true to any of them.
However, we cannot say this is a common case for sure. People are often inter-connected in their lifetimes because of their corresponding personality traits and lessons to be learned from each other. But those people that we only hear about from the newspaper or some TV show – their timeline can easily diverge from ours, and they may have completely different experiences of past or future individual and collective happenings. Apart from many intentional hoaxes, this can be explanation of numerous descriptions of vivid and detailed future/past events that never happened, given by some apparently mentally healthy people.
What would happen if someone influenced their own past?
Every single time-traveler will influence his/her own past, whether they physically traveled to the past and “killed their granddad,” or were just observing some past events. Remember, quantum physics is very clear about this: the very act of observing influences the behavior of the observed phenomenon, i.e. the nature of subatomic units changes from quantum waves into particles. Everything is interconnected, so are observers and observed things, too.
Therefore, even with the mere act of observing enacts some influence to the past event. In this way, the event has been changed, however tiny that change is.
So, in both cases, either through being physically present in the middle of some past event, or just through observing it, we would influence it. That means the time-travel paradox is the problem for both occasions. How to solve it?
There is no real paradox here. A time-traveler who would end up in the past and stayed there, would have created an entire new timeline. But it’s only an individual “bubble reality,” as it is the case with all of us. A time-traveler who would just observe some past occasion, would also create another timeline, but it would probably merge with the “parent reality,” soon after his/her return to the present.
Practical notes
How can we intentionally move our consciousness along that “time coordinate” at all? What is the secret?
Some of the “visionary” people I mentioned above, the so-called clairvoyants or seers, are endowed with some secret “element” incomprehensible to us, common people. What is that?
The secret lies in our deep, subconscious attachment to this body and mind. Our body physically belongs to this cause-and-effect material universe and its physical laws, and its five senses virtually anchor it to this stream of experiences called “time.” Additionally, we are identified also with our minds and its countless thoughts, emotions, memories, beliefs, habits, etc. Those attachments make very dense veils that cut us away from a wide-ranging inner knowledge, including information on past and future, as well as on the other timelines as well. We can call them the veils of ignorance. In this case, they cut us off from our inherent abilities to move along space-time coordinates at will. However, the veils have their purpose in our lives. Without them, the “game of life” wouldn’t be possible at all.
What are these veils of ignorance, causing our total immersion into this very real „illusion”?
Basically, they are our misperceptions or unawareness of various layers of Reality. They are directly connected to our identifications, beliefs and other elements of personality, described in the Reintegration System. We think we are something else than we truly are. In fact, whatever we think we are, we are wrong. It can only be that we just are, as opposed to the notion that we are something or someone. Every single identification contributes a little bit to our immersion in this world of illusion.
So, if we want to remove those veils, we must release our desires and fears, habits, emotions, thoughts, and many other parts of our personality. The best way to do that is to reintegrate them in a non-aggressive, benevolent way.
Luckily, these veils are usually being released spontaneously, through the reintegration of various elements of personality, layer by layer. And if they are not released yet, we also treat them with non-invasive meditative or psychological techniques, like all the other elements of personality.
If we are uncertain which element to deal with, we just have to look around us - the outer world is a projection of our inner universe. The holographic principle will impeccably lead us along this path. As our work continues, our consciousness will be expanding, while unconscious limitations are being dropped away progressively. The reintegration work will be resembling the art more and more, as the mystery of life unfolds in most surprising and beautiful ways.
The main result of such an extensive inner work can be one’s spiritual growth or enlightenment, while time travel and other extraordinary abilities can only be side-effects.
Nature of Individual Reality
How come we are condensed into a single point of the Universe? Is there another way of existing in it? Is there a way of experiencing the reality without being so restrained into this point of space-time? Is there any other kind of existence at all?
These existential questions can lead us to ask ourselves the very basic one: who am I? Or what am I? Or even am I? In order to get a glimpse at the final answers to these questions, we must be very thorough in our self-inquiry. We also have to rely not only to thoughts and logical thinking (which indeed may help a lot), but primarily to try to work honestly on ourselves, and directly experience the Truth.
Inquiry begins
The first point of our inquiry on the fabric of our individual reality is the question about its roots.
Our perception of the world is based on witnessing it from the usual point of view, the sense of “I-ness.” We feel our blurred sense of “I” as opposed to everything else, the “no-I.” It is obvious that all our experiences stem from this basic dichotomy: I – everything else.
We have countless perceptions about the external world and our own being: thoughts, emotions and 5 “usual” senses. We can call them the contents of mind, and the whole outer reality is being perceived through these three kinds of mind content.
Underlying reality
The First postulate of the Reintegration System claims: “There exists an underlying, supremely perfect reality, independent of time and space, yet subtly present in all phenomena.” However, we might choose certain words in an attempt to describe this reality, like God, Being, Source, Tao, Sunyata, Emptiness, Void, Nothingness, Wholeness, Oneness, and so on; yet all those terms will be far from being adequate for depicting the supreme reality.
It is worth noting that there are several concepts in modern physics that symbolically represent this underlying reality or point to it. In Einstein’s Theory of relativity, it is the space-time continuum. In quantum physics, it’s the quantum vacuum. Also, in various works of the late American theoretical physicists David Bohm, this reality is clearly named as the implicate order.
Oneness
Nevertheless, this reality is definitely the source of everything. Although it has no inherent attributes, we can still designate some characteristics to it, from our limited point of view. And, one of the most obvious characteristics would be oneness. It’s undivided and undividable. Consequently, if this oneness is the primal source of all of reality, then all seemingly separate entities or things are, at the deepest level, an illusion.
If we accept this, then the next obvious thing is: our internal world and external reality are also inseparable. They are one. There is a subtle, yet fundamental, oneness of inner and outer reality. In a delicate way, they are equal. Whatever is inside, the same is outside, and vice versa.
Holographic principle
Of course, as we are identified with this illusion and heavily covered by countless veils of ignorance, we are not aware of that sameness of inner and outer world. Nevertheless, that sameness must be expressed in some way. That is the holographic principle. Basically, it says that each part of an entity contains complete information on the whole entity. Accordingly, within every human being, as a part of the Universe, there is complete information about the Universe. Similarly, the same correlation is between one’s inner and outer reality.
It seems that modern science is also going toward the holographic idea. A lot of groundbreaking research has been done in the last couple of decades in the fields of neurology and psychology, showing striking correspondence with holographic principle, especially related to memory and other functions of the human brain. For example, neuroscientist Karl Pribram, initially in collaboration with physicist David Bohm, developed the holonomic brain theory. It is a model of human cognition that describes the brain as a holographic storage network. “Pribram and others noted the similarities between an optical hologram and memory storage in the human brain. According to the holonomic brain theory, memories are stored within certain general regions, but stored non-locally within those regions.”
The holographic model is also emerging in theoretical physics. “The holographic principle is a property of string theories and a supposed property of quantum gravity that states that the description of a volume of space can be thought of as encoded on a lower-dimensional boundary to the region—preferably a light-like boundary like a gravitational horizon.” This implies an astonishing idea that the entire 3D universe is a kind of a projection of the information embedded in the cosmological 2D horizon.
Veils of ignorance
What are these veils of ignorance, causing our total immersion into this illusion?
Basically, they are our misperceptions or unawareness of various layers of Reality. They are directly connected to our identifications, beliefs and other elements of personality described in the Reintegration System. We think we are something else than we truly are. In fact, whatever we think we are, we are wrong. It can only be that we are, as opposed to the notion that we are something or someone. Every single identification contributes a little bit to our immersion in this world of illusion.
For example, a person acts as a sister. From the point of view of that identity, the person behaves differently than from the genuine state of Presence and from all her other identities. Her behavior is limited to her traumas from the past, to her fears for her “little” brother or sister, desires for being protective, or better than her siblings, beliefs on being superior or inferior, etc. All those habitual notions or traits seriously confine her genuine abilities and perfection of acting from Presence. After all, those notions deeply limit her perception of reality.
Game of life rules
Why do these veils of ignorance exist whatsoever?
The explanation of this mystery lies in being’s primal decision to have experiences. Quite obviously, in order to bring any experience into existence, a basic polarity should be established: the “experiencer” and that which is being experienced, we will name it the “experienced.” Therefore, the primal Being must seemingly split itself up into those two polarities. It actually “condenses” itself into a limited region or point, which is conscious of the outer region “around” it. In a sense, the Being deliberately “retreats” from the “rest” of it, the “outer world.” The external world becomes the “unknown,” a field of unconsciousness.
There should also exist “something” in which the experiencer and the experienced exist. It is space. But, that is still not enough, as this polarity in space is totally static. If there should be some experience, there must be some dynamic events. The Being must introduce time.
Now, what is time? In relativistic physics, it is simply one of the dimensions within the four-dimensional continuum called space-time. So, in space-time there are four coordinates assigned to an event. For example, if you wanted to describe the very basics of the event when you eat an ice-cream last time, you would have to assign three coordinates of space to it. It happened in a point of space that had its precise longitude, latitude and altitude. But, that’s not enough. It must have an additional value: the time when it happened. Thus, it is described by four coordinates. Modern physics tells us that these four coordinates are inter-changeable. They are equivalent.
So, when we have a series of mutually connected events, like moving a car from point A to point B, we actually have countless mini-events, each being described with its own four coordinates in the space-time continuum. And when we have a non-moving car on a parking slot, it seems that we now have a completely static situation. No, it’s not. It is still moving, through the fourth space-time coordinate, through time.
Now, note this: as an observer of that seemingly static car, you are also moving through the fourth dimension – time. From a deeper point of view, the only entity that is moving along this fourth dimension is the observer, you.
Therefore, a conscious observer, or the experiencer, must move along one of the coordinates of the four-dimensional continuum, in order to get an impression of a dynamic experience.
We now have established some rules for the game of life. Nevertheless, this is not enough for a complete picture. That moving through one of the dimensions must be unconscious, otherwise the experiencer would have been able to manipulate with the experience at their will, with no effort. Moreover, they shouldn’t be conscious of any of the following events – the future must be under the veil of the unknown in order to have the possibility of wonder. Also, their memories from the past should be vague and more or less unreliable – otherwise they would have a perfect basis for a perfect behavior, and that also wouldn’t be good for the game.
However, those memories have to be mutually consistent and interconnected, in order to form a unique personality with their own unique desires, fears, beliefs, etc.
Interactions between the players can begin now. They are all imperfect, as well as the environment itself. Countless experiences can arise now.
The bottom-line of the life game is to have plenty of imperfections at the stage. In that way, there will also be plenty of room for making mistakes, learning valuable lessons and ultimately, for expanding the growth of the consciousness and spirituality. And the final target for all players is the same – to re-unite with God, as fully conscious beings.
Conclusion
In order to have any experiences in life, there should be set up several pre-conditions, as following:
There must exist the primal polarity: I (“experiencer) – no-I (“experienced”);
We must be moving forward along the time coordinate within four-dimensional space-time, from the past to future;
We must not know the future occurrences;
We should not have totally reliable memories of the past;
We should have a continuity of the memory.
As we have all the basic pre-conditions for the game of life now, we can have various experiences that we can learn from and grow. After all, that is the purpose of this game of life.
As the individual's reality becomes imperfect, due to veils of ignorance, within the individual arise inclinations and aversions. Essentially, the being wants to return to their original state – happiness.
If the inclinations and aversions are not satisfied, the individual suffers. So, if we want to deliver ourselves from suffering, we must release our desires and fears, habits, emotions, thoughts, and many other parts of our personality. The best way to do that is to reintegrate them in a non-aggressive, benevolent way. Some of the new approaches to doing this in a comprehensive and efficient, yet elegant way, are the Reintegration System techniques.
Still, the basic pre-condition for suffering is ignorance. We may reintegrate the whole inner galaxy of personality’s elements, but if these veils of ignorance remain, we would suffer time and again, as they would repeatedly generate fears, desires and all other variations of personality elements.
Luckily, these veils are usually being released spontaneously, through the reintegration of various elements of personality, layer by layer. And if they are not released – no problem, we just treat them with the Reintegration techniques like all other elements of personality.
If we are uncertain which element to deal with, we just have to look around us – the outer world is a projection of our inner universe. The holographic principle will impeccably lead us along this path. As our work continues, our consciousness will be expanding, while unconscious limitations are being dropped away progressively. The reintegration work will be resembling the art more and more, as the mystery of life unfolds in most surprising and beautiful ways.
A New View on Fine-Tuning of the Universe (With Some Practical Implications for Our Lives)
There’s no law of physics that hasn’t been transcended. In the end, the only law is that there is no law. - John Wheeler, theoretical physicist
Modern science has reached the point where it is inquiring the very foundations of the universe. Was it created by a conscious creator? Or did it simply pop out from nothingness, by a mere chance?
There are countless debates now whether the physical laws of the universe are finely tuned to support biological life or not. There is a good reason for that: they indeed seem to be tweaked for life.
Universal Constants
As you probably know, many laws of physics are deeply dependent on various constant numbers that are parts of equations describing these laws. Those numbers are called the universal constants – the speed of light (c), gravitational constant (G), electric constant (ε0), Planck's constant (ħ), the mass of an electron (me), two parameters of the Higgs field potential, etc. Moreover, there are also even more fundamental constants that are dimensionless (i.e. not dependent on the unit system used to express the quantity). Those are, for example, the fine-structure constant (α), which defines the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles, or proton-to-electron mass ratio, or the cosmological constant, which is the density of dark energy in the universe, and so on.
There is a strong notion among scientists, backed by many extrapolations, that if any of these universal constants were only slightly different, the Universe wouldn’t be supportive of any kind of biological life. For example, if the gravitational constant were smaller, the stars couldn’t be formed. If it were too large, the stars couldn’t survive or their life span would be much shorter, so in either case, life wouldn’t be possible. Similar conclusions can be deduced for all other universal constants.
Hence, the possibility of the emergence of a universe out of nothing, which is suitable for biological life and/or development of conscious beings, is practically equal to zero. There must be a conscious creator of this world.
Or is it so?
One of the solutions could be that we live in a multiverse, consisting of a huge or even infinite number of universes, each having different internal laws of physics.
The idea is that there are no rules regarding the newly formed universes. Everything imaginable exists somewhere. Even the unimaginable exists. Although there is a very narrow range of combinations of physical laws that are supportive of life, still there would be an infinite number of such universes, and we can be situated only in that kind of a universe. So that’s why our world is as it is. This is, more or less, the idea of so-called anthropic principle.
Yet, is there a different solution to this philosophical question? Could it be that our universe must be suited to us, because it is an indivisible part of us, and vice versa?
Evolution of Consciousness from the Very Beginning
Here is an alternative view on the origin of existence and consciousness itself. It is based on some ancient mystical teachings, such as Gnosticism, on some modern-day philosophical approaches, as well as on pure logic, where applicable.
In the beginning, there was only Oneness (God, Emptiness, Nothingness, Source, True Reality…).
As a mere whim of Oneness, a primordial polarity has emerged out of it: “I” and “not-I.”
These two primordial entities were only conscious of the opposite entity. “I” was conscious of the existence of “not-I,” while “not-I” (that was experiencing itself as “I”) was conscious of the other polarity.
As Oneness is inherently indivisible and cannot really split itself into something, these apparent entities were, in fact, the Oneness itself. Consequently, each had complete information on its opposite, as it was inherently whole and one with it and with Oneness.
The primordial “I” was a simple entity, without any measures or qualities. It could be compared only to the “not-I.” Correspondingly, the “not-I” was also simple and without any inherent qualities. It had also a simple consciousness of the existence of the first entity (“the I”), which was, in fact, the “not-I” to that (“second”) entity.
Then, these two polarities divided themselves again. Each of these new entities was a new “I,” and the three others were the “not-I” to that entity. The composition of that “not-I” was, in fact, a primordial structure of the external world to “I,” with its simple “laws” of the world.
Once again, as it is impossible to divide the Oneness, all its apparent “entities” or offspring are still the Oneness itself, the Oneness that is, say, “shrunk down” to a seemingly limited size. Yet, each of them is the Oneness itself, and that’s the holographic principle in action. That’s why every “I” has a complete information on the corresponding “not-I” or the rest of its world, and the other way around.
These entities are continuing to divide themselves an enormous number of times. The evolution continues.
To each “new I” there is a corresponding “not-I,” which becomes ever more complex as the process of division continues. That “not-I” always consists of all the other “Is” out there, including their mutual relationships.
Although “I” and “not-I” seem to be entirely dissimilar in their size and complexity, they are always perfect complements to each other. Every “I” is unique and has a different constellation of other “Is,” i.e. it has a different individual reality. Furthermore, as the division of entities continues, every “new I” apparently becomes more and more complex, as it internally encompasses all information on its outer world, which is the complementary entity to it. Moreover, this whole structure is based on its fractal nature.
Every “I” is conscious of its outer world, and vice versa. The outer world, or “not-I,” as an entity, is conscious of its counterpart that we call “I.”
The real shift occurs when “I” begins to become conscious of itself. The involution begins. Although that process is slow, as “I” is an internally very complex entity (as its “not-I” is), it means that the two opposites have begun to reunite, reintegrate or merge.
This is the point of our whole spiritual evolution. As we are becoming conscious of ourselves, we are expanding our consciousness inward and outward simultaneously, as our “not-I” is also becoming conscious more and more of itself and ourselves. Eventually, they merge and we are Oneness again.
This is a very, very simplified overview of the evolution of consciousness.
Is the Universe Our Precursor?
What does this mean regarding the laws of physics, that are apparently so finely tuned to support biological life?
Our Universe is not our precursor. Here’s why.
The outer reality is the “not-I” to each of us. As our reality is merely our counterpart, it must be “finely tuned” to us by its very nature, in a sense of complementarity; otherwise, we wouldn’t exist as “I,” neither the Universe would exist as the “not-I.” We are indivisible.
Individual and Group Realities
There are many different conscious beings (or conscious points of view), either within this Universe or in other universes. Each of them has a unique perspective and a unique universe “around it.” We, human beings, are merely an agglomerate of very “similar Is,” that are elements of a much bigger organism, the humanity itself. As we are so similar to each other and share similar points of view, internal information and complexity, we seem to experience this same concrete Universe. In fact, we are living in many different individual universes, which appear same or similar to the majority of us, so we think there is a one, common reality to all of us. However, we are connected on a deeper level.
What is the “not-I” in our individual reality? It’s everything that we feel to exist outside of us. It seems that it is the whole universe that we are perceiving around us. However, our individual world is not as large as we might think. It consists of our immediate surroundings, including people and other living beings within it. Everything beyond that is part of multi-layered collective reality.
So, our individual “not-I” is conscious of its counterpart, i.e. our “I.” What does that mean? The universe around us is aware of our existence. Not only that, it can consciously influence our inner being, in a similar way that we can influence our outer world. We could even say that our external reality is our individual “God.” It can deeply influence our lives and it is a perfect match to our inner beings. Our “not-I” is always mirroring the inner aspects of our being – our beliefs, values, traits, emotions, fears, desires, decisions, thoughts, etc. Whatever is our attitude toward the outer world, it will relate to us correspondingly.
As there exist countless individual polarities I/not-I, there are also innumerable group pairs of “Is” and “not-Is.” They are conscious beings. These invisible, collective entities manifest their existence in many circumstances. Families, tribes, nations, religious groups, biological species…they all have their own collective “Is,” along with fitting “not-Is.” That way every collective entity, for example, a religion branch, has its own, unique “not-I,” which behaves as their “God.” It is completely suited to the beliefs, fears, desires and other conscious and unconscious structures characteristic of that group. Their unique “God” can even create miracles, fully matched to their beliefs and expectations, so the group can believe that they are on the right path.
Also, thanks to the existence of these collective conscious beings, every biological species has managed to evolve in many ingenious ways to adapt itself to its reality.
Changed Paradigms or Changed Realities?
It is important to understand that our apparent “common reality” has not always been as it is now. Its very nature has been changed many times. Human mystics, philosophers, and scientists have been changing the whole paradigms of this world every so often. From our point of view, those past paradigms (mystical magic world, or central role of the Earth, or classical physics view, etc.) were not true. But can we be so sure of that? People do create their individual and group realities, and we cannot be certain whether the paradigms of the past were objectively true or not.
Other beings, apparently very different from us, could be living on other planets in this universe, or even in entirely different universes, which are “finely tuned” to suit their existence, as they are, once again, their exact opposites, the “not-Is.” They must be suited to them. We could even say that this is the Anthropic principle on steroids.
Christopher Fuchs, quantum theorist, has nicely expressed similar ideas: “There’s no ultimate law of physics. All the laws of physics are mutable and that mutability itself is a principle of physics. (...) Usually, we think of the universe as this rigid thing that can’t be changed. Instead, methodologically we should assume just the opposite: that the universe is before us so that we can shape it, that it can be changed, and that it will push back on us. (...) Quantum mechanics is not about how the world is without us; instead, it’s precisely about us in the world.”
The Practical Implications
One could say, “OK, if even this were true, what would be the practical value of these ideas?”
The main idea here is that our beings are in fact polarities consisting of “I” and “not-I,” self and no-self. Every “I” has its exact complement, “not-I.” Microcosm – the “I,” is the complementary counterpart to its Macrocosm – the “not-I.” They are not the same, they are rather suited to each other perfectly. Also, each polarity within a pair is conscious of the other.
The implication is very, very powerful, as every conscious being can correctly say: I am completely responsible for my life. This statement is a natural outcome of the above-mentioned complementarity. If the inner being changes, the outer world naturally follows that change. This is the holographic view in action.
Furthermore, we have to respect others. Although we are inherently one, other beings live in their own universes, which may or may not be similar to ours. Everyone has their own point of view which may be completely different than ours, yet true to them. However, we don’t have to be afraid of our environment, as it is our exact mirror, although sometimes unrecognizable.
All beings in our environment – children, parents, partners, friends, opponents, colleagues – they are involved in our individual universe in the same way as we are involved in theirs. If we fundamentally change an inner part of our being (e.g. a belief or emotion) which symbolically corresponds to a friend of ours, that friend will naturally change his or her self (from their own reason) or they will somehow leave us. Another person will fill that place, which perfectly corresponds to our changed inner part.
Nevertheless, if we take full responsibility for our lives, we will assume an immense power. All our inner limits will be transcended. That would really mean a life without suffering.
10 Fundamental Questions on Universe and Consciousness
Life is a mystery and most of us are from time to time fascinated by that mystery. Unfortunately, many people come across the fundamental questions of life after periods of hardships and suffering. They inevitably pose questions like ‘Why is life so tough?’ or ‘Why should we live such a painful existence here on Earth?’
On the other hand, we are all curious beings. Some people get to similar questions through sheer curiosity. “Who am I?” “Why do I exist at all?” “Why there is something rather than nothing?” “Is there a creator of this world?” These and similar questions can shake the core of our beings.
Here are some answers to most of those fundamental questions. I hope you will find that this quest for finding the ultimate answers is not pretentious, presumptuous or a kind of ego-play.
Additionally, I am sure that these answers are limited by the mind’s natural inability to experience the Truth (including, of course, my own mind). Also, any intention to express a deep idea or concept could be severely damaged by the natural inadequateness of language.
Therefore, some of the concepts and ideas expressed in this article I tried to convey through analogies. In fact, all these ideas are analogies. They can only point to the Truth, as they are certainly not the Truth itself.
Who or What is God?
Over the centuries, the word “God” has been charged with many negative or conflicting meanings, so I will try to use other terms, such as “Primordial Oneness,” “Being,” or “the Source.” Consequently, I will use the pronoun “it,” with no intention to derogate God’s existence and innate attributes.
The Source is beyond any mind concept. Thus, everything we think or write on it is inaccurate and insufficient.
As the Primordial Oneness is beyond any comprehension, we can talk about it only through analogies and symbols, so we might get merely a vague sense of its main attributes.
Primordial Oneness is the source of everything. It is infinitely greater than everything and yet infinitely lesser than nothing.
It is the only True Reality, True Existence.
Once again, its nature is Oneness. As this universe is founded on apparent separation, anything or anyone in it cannot truly experience the presence of the Source, except when all the physical, emotional and mental senses and activities are completely transcended.
Yet, the Source is present everywhere and is the only foundation of this apparent existence. It subtly and invisibly carries and transforms all beings, things or activities. We can get a glimpse of that process and be an active part of it only if we are in the state of pure awareness, or Presence.
Primordial Oneness is omniscient, omnipresent and omnipotent.
It is omniscient because it’s beyond space and time, beyond any subject-object relation. Acquiring any information or knowledge is characteristic of the spacetime continuum. As the Source is beyond it, it knows everything instantly. This kind of knowledge is the only natural kind of knowledge. On the other hand, our type of knowledge is restricted to the process of acquiring information within many limitations imposed by the nature of space-time.
It is omnipresent simply because it’s beyond space, time, matter and energy. It doesn’t have any limitations of physical laws or any other rules.
It is omnipotent as it is the only true reality. It is the source of every single matter/energy entity and also of every single action, deed or activity. However, it expresses its omnipotence subtly and invisibly to our limited senses of perception. Big and visible miracles are extremely rare, but in fact, subtle and invisible miracles are present everywhere and are happening all the time.
The Primordial Oneness is in us. As it is the source of Love, Joy, and Peace, our true Essence is actually the Primordial Oneness and we can only find it within ourselves. Love, Joy, and Peace are its signposts.
The “I” has to leave. Then, what has left is the Source.
In the meantime, this was an answer to another big question: does God exist? Although the answer depends on the definition of God in the first place, the final answer undoubtedly is “Yes.” God does exist, maybe not in a religious sense of a “personal” God, but there is God, as the Source of everything that exists, inside and beyond everything.
Why There Is Something Rather Than Nothing?
In the beginning, there was only Oneness (God, Emptiness, Nothingness, Source, True Reality…).
From the point of view of our limited minds, the primordial Oneness could only exist in some sort of eternal space and time continuum, as we cannot otherwise comprehend any existence. That being said, the mathematics of infinite numbers says that if anything exists within infinite space and infinite time span, there is a 100% chance for any change, disturbance or imperfection to occur, as there are no laws or limitations which could prevent such an occurrence.
That disturbance was the primordial polarity which was the beginning of this whole world. In accordance with that logic, there is a 100% chance to have an infinite number of varieties of imperfections or disturbances in that Oneness, and, subsequently, we might say that there are infinite worlds with infinite varieties of laws out there.
Again, “within” the Primordial Oneness there were no physical laws or any other limitations at all. Since there were no limitations, anything could “happen,” so the Creation of this and many other universes has happened and is still happening (if we can use this term whatsoever).
Yet, from the point of view of our limited mind, the eternal emergence of the primordial polarities is a whim of God.
Why Do I Exist?
In order to experience itself, Primordial Oneness has apparently separated itself into myriads of dynamic, yet limited viewpoints, each of them having the experience of “I” and “not-I.”
So, the primordial polarity has emerged out of Primordial Oneness: “I” and “not-I.”
These two primordial entities were only conscious of the opposite entity. “I” was conscious of the existence of “not-I,” while “not-I” (that was experiencing itself as “I”) was conscious of the other polarity.
As Oneness is inherently indivisible and cannot really split itself into something, these apparent entities were, in fact, the Oneness itself. Consequently, each had complete information on its opposite, as it was inherently whole and one with it and with Oneness.
The primordial “I” was a simple entity, without any measures or qualities. It could be compared only to the “not-I.” Correspondingly, the “not-I” was also simple and without any inherent qualities. It also had a simple consciousness of the existence of the first entity (“the I”), which was, in fact, the “not-I” to that (“second”) entity.
Then, these two polarities divided themselves again. Each of these new entities was a new “I,” and the three others were the “not-I” to that entity. The composition of that “not-I” was, in fact, a primordial structure of the external world to “I,” with its simple “laws” of the world. These “laws” were their simple interactions that became habitual.
Once again, as it is impossible to divide the Oneness, all its apparent “entities” or offspring are still the Oneness itself, the Oneness that is, say, “shrunk down” to a seemingly limited size. As each of them is the Primordial Oneness itself, we can say that it’s the holographic principle in action. That’s why every “I” has a complete information on the corresponding “not-I” or the rest of its world, and the other way around.
These entities are continuing to divide themselves an enormous number of times. The evolution continues.
To each “new I” there is a corresponding “not-I,” which becomes ever more complex as the process of division continues. That “not-I” always consists of all the other “Is” out there, including their mutual relationships.
Although “I” and “not-I” seem to be entirely dissimilar in their size and complexity, they are always perfect complements to each other.
Every “I” is unique and has a different constellation of other “Is,” i.e. it has a different individual reality. Furthermore, as the division of entities continues, every “new I” apparently becomes more and more complex, as it internally encompasses all information on its outer world, which is the complementary entity to it. Moreover, this whole structure is based on its fractal nature.
Every “I” is conscious of its outer world, and vice versa. The outer world, or “not-I,” as an entity, is conscious of its counterpart that we call “I.”
The real shift occurs when “I” begins to become conscious of itself. The involution begins. Although that process is slow, as “I” is an internally very complex entity (as its “not-I” is), it means that the two opposites have begun to reunite, reintegrate or merge.
This is the point of our whole spiritual evolution. As we are becoming conscious of ourselves, we are expanding our consciousness inward and outward simultaneously, as our “not-I” is also becoming conscious more and more of itself and ourselves. Eventually, they merge and we are Oneness again.
This is a very, very simplified overview of the evolution of consciousness.
Who Am I?
Some say that this is one of the five basic questions of philosophy. But who am I is the question of identity. When you answer this question, you will actually state your identity, such as I am a mother, I am a teacher, I am an honest man, I am American, I am human… But, it is obvious that these identities are transient. Sooner or later, you will change your role. You are able to change or transcend any identity at your will. When we consider the fact that our consciousness survives our physical existence, then even the most general identities, like human being, living being, and similar, are obviously inadequate.
Thus, the real question is: What am I? What is that which is essential to all of us? Are we something or someone at all? Words cannot formulate the final answer, obviously. It must be directly experienced.
Who am I or What am I are the most important questions in several spiritual paths, such as Ramana Maharshi’s Advaita Vedanta, or some neo-gnostic systems. In these practices the disciple repeatedly asks him- or herself Who (what) am I, tries to deeply feel the question and to formulate or feel the answer. It is a powerful practice which can lead to profound insights and even final spiritual liberation.
So, the answer to the question Who am I cannot be expressed in words, as it lies beyond the mind. Anyway, every person who has finally revealed and experienced the answer would probably try to “express it” with simple silence. And the closest notion of this answer would be: I am the Primordial Oneness (Nothingness, Oneness, God, Emptiness, Source…). Or, simply I am.
Why is Love So Important?
Of course, I’m not talking here about romantic or physical love. The topic here is Pure love, Universal love, or simply Love. It is unconditional love between two beings, such as parent's love for children, or love between best friends. Romantic or physical kinds of love are merely Love’s reflections at the emotional and physical level.
We hear many times that God is Love. Actually, God is the realized Love. How come? And aren’t all feelings equal to the “neutral” Source?
Love in this sense is not a feeling. It is the state of being. It is the state in which we feel the union with others. It is a deep intention to unite with others, to become one again. It is the opposite of separating tendencies.
As the Source is Oneness, and Love tends to re-unite apparently separate beings, Love is a divine state. It leads to God. That’s why Love is one of the essential aspects of the Divine, along with Peace and Joy. That’s how God is Love realized, Peace completed, and Joy purified.
What is the Purpose of Suffering?
The consequence of this world’s imperfection is suffering. It is inevitable, and it has its function. Here is a small excerpt from Inner Peace, Outer Success related to this question.
“Most of us have matured and learned tremendous lessons through painful experiences. They have strengthened us. They have driven us. The reason for that is the fact that we live in a material world whose main trait is inertia, which is also one of our main traits.
Our physical bodies are naturally submissive to the law of inertia; we’re lazy, more or less. When there is nothing to push us forward, as pain does, we can sink deep into the quicksand of our lethargy. It’s our nature and we must not blame ourselves for that. As a consequence, when a painful experience arises from that swamp of our inactivity, it pushes us ahead. Thanks to these shocks and traumas, we have gained depth of personality. Therefore, our wounds are blessings, too.”
Without suffering, we, as beings immersed into the inertia of this world, would be lost and annihilated. Yet, pain is inevitable for the reason that all conscious beings in this universe have limited perception and limited abilities. (You can find here more on how limited perception leads to suffering.)
However, as pain is inevitable, unfortunately, there is no upper limit of the level of pain. That depends solely on us, on our own limited perception and inertia. That’s why there is no predefined amount of maximal suffering, nor is there the highest level of contentment. That’s also the reason why there have been extremely painful events during the whole history of mankind, such as the holocaust, wars, massacres, tortures, etc.
I also must elaborate on this issue: suffering is overestimated and exaggerated. This phenomenon is present not only in modern society but in our view of nature, too. Of course, I don’t want to underestimate immense and monstrous agonies of masses of people during the history and even today, but today’s mass media are obviously focused only on negative experiences. They are reporting almost exclusively about wars, murders, accidents and similar events. Actually, they are only following up our habitual needs – our minds are captivated by those negative things, as they are not natural to us. They are inherently strange to our beings. Our most natural states of being are Peace, Love, and Joy, so everything else is weird to the mind and hence quite mesmerizing, too.
Look around you. There is more than a 99 percent chance that you are in a “normal” environment – in the neutral or even pleasant situation. When you recapitulate your typical day, you’ll find that it’s mostly filled with the “neutral” or even pleasant experiences. But painful events, which are quite rare, are often captivating our thoughts and emotions all day long.
Even when you look at nature, extremely rarely you will stumble upon violence among living beings. Again, more than 99 percent of natural surroundings are filled with peaceful or neutral activities (or dormancy) of wildlife, including ants, bugs, and even the most ferocious creatures like lions, snakes, crocodiles and other carnivores. Peace is naturally overwhelming, but, unfortunately, not in our minds.
Therefore, although suffering is inevitable and has its positive role in our lives in the long run, it’s definitely overestimated and exaggerated.
Are There Good and Evil?
Common sense tells us that Good is everything which leads us to happiness, while Evil is that which leads us to suffering.
However, having explained the role of suffering in our existence, could we say that pleasure is actually an evil thing, and pain is actually a good thing? Of course not. Every experience is inherently neutral.
Those experiences that lead us toward happiness can indeed be beneficial in the long run if they are considered as lessons too. If they are absorbed through wisdom, they will impeccably lead us to liberation. Also, unpleasant events won’t make all people more mature. Quite the opposite, some people cannot absorb such experiences and will enter the spiral of ever-increasing self-destruction.
So, everything depends on us and our way of dealing with any experience. Ultimately, there is no good or bad experience. There is only an experience which is fully accepted and lived through our innate wisdom or there is an experience which is not.
Therefore, Good and Evil ultimately do not exist. There is only one Reality.
What is Consciousness?
There are two main definitions of consciousness in the Oxford dictionary:
The state of being aware of and responsive to one's surroundings.
A person's awareness or perception of something.
In accordance with that, we can conclude that there are two main characteristics of consciousness:
Responsiveness to external stimuli
Observation through perception
I would also add the third attribute: the free will.
Regarding responsiveness, there could be three levels of consciousness:
Unconsciousness – if consciousness is absent, then there is no responsiveness.
However, in this case, there is no entity at that moment whatsoever, so we cannot talk about unconsciousness in the real world. For instance, when someone falls into a coma, their mind is completely absent, and we cannot say that the person is there, until they wake up. There is only their physical body present. For that person, the period of oblivion is simply a jump in time, into a period of becoming conscious again.
Limited consciousness – if an entity is semiconscious or partially aware, it will have responsiveness toward external stimuli.
This is our normal waking state, but also a typical state of all animals (when they don’t sleep), plants and even all inanimate things, including atoms and subatomic particles. They all have some inherent responsiveness in relation to the outer world.
Full consciousness - if an entity is fully conscious, it will have no responsiveness at all as it is a pure observer.
People who are enlightened do not have or have very little responsiveness toward the outer reality. Their hearts and minds are pure. Nevertheless, and contrary to what we might think, this state of no-responsiveness is not so rare a case in our everyday lives. From time to time, we happen to abide in that state of mind, although being unaware of that fact. Our minds are thoughtless, hearts full of love, and at those moments nothing can upset us, for a while. Deep meditation is one of such precious states.
So, on the basic level, consciousness is the ability of an entity to respond to external stimuli. Whether that means a simple physical resistance of a pebble to an external force or a complex emotional response of a human being to a stressful situation, essentially it is caused by a certain level of consciousness of the subject. Although these claims may sound unusual or even outlandish to you, they are founded on quantum physics. Here’s how.
The responsiveness to surroundings also implies the presence of an observer. Quantum physics, in line with its ‘Copenhagen interpretation,’ tells us that the external world, in fact, doesn’t exist in a solid form without conscious observation. The very presence of responsiveness within any structure toward its surroundings implies and confirms that there exists physical environment around the subject, which consequently indicates the presence of a conscious observer within the structure.
In other words, the entity, as an observer, collapses the variety of wave functions of its surroundings and thus creates the material environment around itself. It then is able to respond to the environment.
In that sense, each apparently separate entity is conscious to some degree. Every entity, group or being which is internally consistent enough to respond to an external stimulus is conscious of its surroundings to some degree. That’s why every subatomic particle (quark, electron, photon, etc), every aggregate particle (proton, neutron, atom, molecule…), every stone, every living thing, every species, every nation and group of people including the whole humanity, every planet, star or galaxy, as well as the whole Universe or Multiverse, is conscious!
So far, we’ve been mostly talking about being conscious of the environment. But conscious beings are dynamic, they evolve. And there is another, crucial step in the evolution of consciousness: becoming self-conscious.
After eons of development, many entities either die off or become self-conscious. Meaning, they are aware of themselves, not only of the outer reality. That’s the cornerstone of spiritual development. We could even say - that’s the reason for Creation. The Primordial Oneness “wants” to become aware of itself, to become self-conscious through all of its individual manifestations, i.e. beings.
Starting from that point, everything changes. When an entity becomes self-aware, it becomes an individual, a conscious being. Its (still limited) self-consciousness cannot die anymore. The processes of spiritual growth and re-birthing begin.
What is Free Will?
Free will is a fundamental attribute of consciousness. Every conscious entity has free will to some extent.
How many options does an entity have before committing a specific deed or responding to an external stimulus? If it has only one option ahead, due to inner or outer limitations, it actually doesn’t have any free will.
Apparently, that’s the case with stones and other solid objects. They can only resist some external force in accordance with physical laws that restrict them, but they have no freedom of their own motion. However, on a microscopic level, they do have a slight and unpredictable motion or jittering of their tiniest ingredients – atoms and subatomic particles. Consequently, they do have a free will to some extent.
Matter in other forms, such as liquids, gases, and plasma, although outwardly having higher levels of freedom of motion, does not have much more free will. They are constricted by the physical laws. For instance, particles of gases have much more freedom of movement than particles of solid matter, but they are also severely limited by the laws of Newtonian physics.
As for the living beings, they obviously have higher levels of free will, as they are typically far more complex entities, especially those with an evolved nervous system.
In this universe, all entities have at least some degree of free will, as that is purported by the basic quantum mechanics’ laws related to the principle of uncertainty.
Free will is an essential attribute of consciousness. It is the innermost unpredictability of Being, which is actually the creative force in the universe. Hence, the law which corresponds with free will at the fundamental level of existence is Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle.
What Happens When We Die?
Consciousness cannot disappear. It cannot be annihilated as it’s present everywhere and in everything. It is impossible to become nothingness in the nihilistic sense if something is already there. Accordingly, even if there is no such thing as “life after death,” we shouldn’t be afraid of death. In that case, our individual consciousness would have simply been merged with a “global” consciousness of humanity or universe. Anyway, there is life after death, but the outcome depends on the level of consciousness of individual beings.
Entities that are conscious of their surroundings, but not self-conscious, may lose their individual existence upon death. The good news is that they will simply merge with the greater consciousness that they were part of. For example, when individual cells of our organisms die off, their limited consciousness will merge with the greater consciousness of an organ that it belonged to, or with the consciousness of the whole body. Also, the consciousness of our bodies, upon their demise, will become one with the greater consciousness of Mother Earth.
We, as self-aware beings, cannot disappear in that sense. We are fully-formed individual beings and will continue to exist in other forms.
Correspondingly, physical death is a kind of change. A big one, though. After the demise of our physical body, our consciousness will dis-identify from our physical form and will continue to exist in another form. First in a “limbo” between two lives, and after that in the next physical body.
Yet, as time is not a simple, one-direction line, we might be re-born, say, in ancient Egypt, where we have to learn the next life lessons. Or on another planet. Or in another timeline, universe, or dimension. Everything is possible, and reality is much, much more amazing than our imagination is. Some of the aspects of our presence in multiple realities are described in the article Parallel Existences, Timelines, and Reincarnation.
Death is a change. Throughout our life, we are going through a myriad of “little deaths.” When we fall asleep – we lose our consciousness for a while, and one small cycle is being done. But the next cycle is always awaiting. When we fail in something important, when we give up our plans or goals, or lose a tennis match with our friend, we experience the little death. Every change is also a small death. But always, always, always we come back in some way or another, typically stronger and wiser.
There is no end to our spiritual development. Even when we get fully enlightened and achieve the final liberation, become un-identified from everything and become one with Oneness, we will be experiencing all and everything as that Oneness. The Creation is limitless and never-ending. And, I must say, that is truly wonderful.
Matter – Antimatter Asymmetry Solved by Consciousness
What we call matter is simply everything that is composed mostly of quarks, that aggregate into protons (positively charged subatomic particles) and neutrons, and also of electrons (which are negatively charged). Together, they form atoms. On the other hand, antimatter can also create atoms of the same characteristics and overall electric charge, with the only one difference: their nuclei consist of antiquarks (antiprotons and antineutrons), while their mantle is being filled with positrons (electron’s positively charged counterparts). However, if you were to combine atoms of matter and antimatter, you would get a huge explosion of energy. Atom and antiatom would have completely annihilated. They are exact opposites. The laws of quantum physics undoubtedly indicate that matter and antimatter should always be equal in their quantity. Whenever pure energy is converted into particles, a pair of matter-antimatter particles pops up into existence. In accordance with that, one could posit that in the beginning of time there should be exactly the same amounts of matter and antimatter, after which they would have annihilated, making this universe lifeless, composed of pure energy only.
Nevertheless, all astronomical observations have clearly shown that matter dominates over antimatter. In fact, there is only matter in this cosmos. So far, no scientific theory was able to reliably explain this outcome. The Nature of Time This is the question that cannot be answered without the involvement of consciousness, despite the fact that many physicists are very reluctant to take it seriously. In accordance with Einstein’s theory of relativity, time is interchangeable with space within the space-time continuum. Time is only one of the dimensions in that continuum.
It is easy to conclude that our consciousness actually is moving steadily along the fourth axis of the 4D space-time chart, hence giving us the impression that everything is changing. We are moving along that time axis and everything else around us seems to be moving as well. That seemingly steady translation of our conscious focus along that one space-time coordinate is deeply ingrained in our subconscious. Nevertheless, the whole four-dimensional space-time continuum is static per se. Direction of Time Resolves the Conundrum Another important point is that all the particles of matter behave as antimatter particles when the arrow of time is reversed. That’s what the equations tell us. In other words, if time were starting going backward, the particles of matter would become their opposites – the particles of antimatter. An electron would become positron, a quark would be anti-quark, etc. When we take into account the assumption of our consciousness moving in only one direction of time, then it’s easy to assume that, for us, all the matter would become antimatter if our consciousness would suddenly begin moving backward in time. Still, from the “vantage point” of the static four-dimensional space-time continuum, as there is no specific direction of consciousness’ movement, the total amount of matter and anti-matter is equal. Actually, it’s zero, as matter and anti-matter cancel each other out completely. Therefore, there’s no matter-antimatter asymmetry at all. We just have to take into account our own consciousness, and the puzzle is solved.
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